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College English Test
Band Six
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions：
In this section,
you will hear two long conversations.
At the end of each conversation,
you will hear four questions.
Both the conversation and the questions
will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer
from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Conversation One
W: So, Mike,
you manage the innovation project
at Cucin Tech.
M: I did indeed.
W: Well then, first, congratulations.
It seems to have been very successful.
M: Thanks.
Yes, I really help things turn around
at Cucin Tech.
W: Was the revival in their fortunes
entirely due to strategic innovation?
M: Yes, yes, I think it was.
Cucin Tech was a company
who were very much following the pack,
doing what everyone else was doing
and getting rapidly left behind.
I could see there was a lot of talent there,
and some great potential,
particularly in their product development.
I just had to harness that somehow.
W: Was innovation at the core of the project?
M: Absolutely.
If it doesn’t sound like too much of a cliché,
our world is constantly changing
and it’s changing quickly.
We need to be innovating constantly
to keep up with this.
Stand still and you’re lost.
W: No stopping to sniff the roses?
M: Well, I’ll do that in my personal life.
Sure. But as a business strategy,
I’m afraid there is no stopping.
W: What exactly is strategic innovation then?
M: Strategic innovation is the process
of managing innovation,
of making sure it takes place
at all levels of the company,
and that is related to the company’s overall strategy.
W: I see.
M: So, instead of innovation for innovation’s sake
and new products being created
simply because the technology is there,
the company culture must switch
from these pointing-time innovations
to continuous pipeline of innovations
from everywhere and everyone.
W: How did you align strategies
throughout the company?
M: I soon became aware
that campaigning is useless.
People take no notice.
Simply, it came about
through good practice trickling down.
This built consent.
People could see it was the best way to work.
W: Does innovation on the skill
really give a competitive advantage?
M: I am certain of it, absolutely,
especially if it’s difficult
for a competitor to copy.
The risk is of course
that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.
W: But not if it’s strategic?
M: Precisely.
W: Thanks for talking to us.
M: Sure.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation
you have just heard.
1.What seems to have been very successful
according to the woman speaker?
2.What did the company lack
before the man’s scheme was implemented?
3.What does the man say he should do
in his business?
4.What does the man say
is the risk of innovation?
Conversation Two
M: Today, my guest is Dayna Ivanovich
who has worked for the last twenty years
as an interpreter.
Dayna, welcome.
W: Thank you.
M: Now, I’d like to begin by saying
that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself,
as a foreign correspondent.
So I am full of admiration
for what you do.
But I think your profession is sometimes underrated,
and many people think anyone
who speaks more than one language can do it.
W: There aren’t any interpreters I know
who don’t have professional qualifications and training.
You only really get proficient
after many years in the job.
M: And I’m right in saying
you can divide what you do
into two distinct methods
—simultaneous and consecutive interpreting.
W: That’s right.
The techniques you use are different,
and a lot of interpreters will say
one is easier than the other, less stressful.
M: Simultaneous interpreting,
putting someone’s words into another language
more or less as they speak,
sounds to me like the more difficult.
W: Well, actually no.
Most people in the business would agree
that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful.
You have to wait for the speaker
to deliver quite a chunk of language
before you then put it into the second language,
which puts your short-term memory
under intense stress.
M: You make notes, I presume.
W: Absolutely, anything like numbers, names, places
have to be noted down.
But the rest is never translated word for word.
You have to find a way of summarizing it,
so that the message is there.
Turning every single word into the target language
would put too much strain on the interpreter
and slow down the whole process too much.
M: But, with simultaneous interpreting,
you start translating
almost as soon as the other person starts speaking.
You must have some preparation beforehand.
W: Well, hopefully,
the speakers will let you have an outline
of the topic a day or two in advance.
You have a little time to do research,
prepare technical expressions and so on.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation
you have just heard.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
6. What does the man think of Dayna’s profession?
7. What does Dayna say
about the interpreters she knows?
8. What do most interpreters think
of consecutive interpreting?
Section B
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear two passages.
At the end of each passage,
you will hear three or four questions.
Both the passage and the questions
will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer
from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Mothers have been warned for years
that sleeping with their newborn infant
is a bad idea,
because it increases the risk
that the baby might die unexpectedly
during the night.
But now Israeli researchers
are reporting
that even sleeping in the same room
can have negative consequences,
not for the child,
but for the mother.
Mothers who slept in the same room
as their infants,
whether in the same bed
or just the same room,
had poorer sleep
than mothers whose babies slept elsewhere
in the house.
They woke up more frequently,
were awake
approximately 20 minutes longer per night,
and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep.
These results held true
even taking into account
that many of the women in the study
were breast-feeding their babies.
Infants, on the other hand,
didn’t appear to have worse sleep
whether they slept in the same
or different room from their mothers.
The researchers acknowledge
that since the families they studied
were all middle-class Israelis,
it’s possible the results
would be different
in different cultures.
Lead author, LiatTikotzky,
wrote in an email
that the research team
also didn’t measure fathers’ sleep,
so it’s possible that their sleep patterns
could also be causing the sleep disruptions for moms.
Right now,
to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome,
the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends
that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies
but sleep in the same room.
The Israeli study suggests
that doing so maybe best for the baby,
but may take a toll on Mom.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage
you have just heard.
9. What is the long-held view
about mother sleeping with newborn babies?
10. What do Israeli researchers’ findings show?
11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics
recommend mothers do?
Passage Two
The US has already lost
more than a third of the native languages
that existed before European colonization,
and the remaining 192
are classed by UNESCO
as ranging between “unsafe” and “extinct”.
“We need more funding and more effort
to return these languages to everyday use,”
says Fred Nahwoosky of the National Museum of the American Indian.
“We are making progress
but money needs to be spent on revitalising languages,
not just documenting them.”
Some 40 languages,
mainly in California and Oklahoma
where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate
in the 19th century,
have fewer than 10 native speakers.
“Part of the issue is that
tribal groups themselves don’t always believe
their languages are endangered
until they’re down to the last handful of speakers.
But progress is being made through immersion schools,
because if you teach children when they’re young
it will stay with them as adults
and that’s the future,”
says Mr. Nahwoosky, a Comanche Indian.
Such schools have become a model in Hawaii.
But the islanders’ local language
is still classed by UNESCO
as critically endangered
because only 1,000 people speak it.
The decline in American Indian languages
has historical roots.
In the mid-19th century,
the US government adopted a policy
of Americanising Indian children
by removing them from their homes and culture.
Within a few generations
most had forgotten their native tongues.
Another challenge to language survival
is television.
It has brought English into homes
and pushed out traditional story-telling
and family time together,
accelerating the extinction of native languages.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage
you have just heard.
12. What do we learn from the report?
13. For what purpose
does Fred Nahwoosky appeal for more funding?
14. What is the historical cause
of the declinein American Indian languages?
15. What does the speaker say about television?
Section C
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks
followed by three or four questions.
The recordings will be played only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer
from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter
on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Recording One
Gregg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager
nearly three years ago
and is still unemployed.
“It literally is like something in a dream,
to remember what it’s like
to actually be able to go out,
and put in a day’s work
and receive a day’s pay.”
At first,
Rosen bought groceries and made house payments
with the help from unemployment insurance.
It pays laid off workers
up to half of their previous wages
while they look for work.
But now, that insurance has run out for him,
and he has to make tough choices.
He’s cut back on medications
and he no longer
helps support his disabled mother.
It is a devastating experience.
New research says
the US recession is now over,
but many people remain unemployed.
And unemployed workers face difficult odds.
“There is literally only one job opening
for every five unemployed workers,
so four out of five unemployed workers
have actually no chance of finding a new job.”
Businesses have downsized
or shut down across America,
leaving fewer job opportunities
for those in search of work.
Experts who monitor unemployment statistics
here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania,
say about 28,000 people are unemployed,
and many of them are jobless
due to no fault of their own.
That’s where the Bucks County’s
CareerLink comes in.
Local director Elizabeth Walsh says
they provide training and guidance
to help unemployed workers
find local job opportunities.
“So here’s the job opening.
Here’s the job seeker.
Match them together under one roof,” she says.
But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County
limits how much she can help.
Rosen says
he hopes Congress will take action.
This month
he launched the 99ers Union,
an umbrella organization
of 18 Internet-based grassroots groups of 99ers.
Their goal is to convince lawmakers
to extend unemployment benefits.
But Pennsylvania State Representative
Scott Petri says
governments simply do not have enough money
to extend unemployment insurance.
He thinks the best way to help
the long-term unemployed
is to allow private citizens
to invest in local companies
that can create more jobs.
But the boost in investor confidence needed
for the plan to work will take time
-time that Rosen says
still requires him to buy food
and make monthly mortgage payments.
Rosen says he’ll use the last of his savings
to try to hang onto the homehe worked
for more than 20 years to buy.
But once that money is gone,
he says he doesn’t know what he’ll do.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording
you have just heard.
16. How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?
17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh
of the Bucks County CareerLink doing?
18. What does Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petri
say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed?
Recording Two
Earlier this year,
British explorer Pen Hadow and his team
trekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean,
taking measurements
and recording observations about the ice.
“Well, we’d been led to believe
that we would encounter a good proportion
of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice
that’s been around for a few years
and just gets thicker and thicker.
We actually found there wasn’t any multi-year ice at all.”
Satellite observations and submarine surveys
over the past few years
had shown less ice in the polar region,
but the recent measurements
show the loss is more pronounced
than previously thought.
“We’re looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover
on the Arctic Ocean in 10 years,
roughly 10 years,
and 100 percent loss in nearly 20 years.”
Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams,
who’s been measuring and monitoring
the Arctic since 1971
says the decline is irreversible.
“The more you lose,
the more open water is created,
the more warming goes on
in that open water during the summer,
the less ice forms in the winter,
the more melt there is the following summer.
It becomes a breakdown process
where everything ends up
accelerating until it’s all gone.”
Martin Sommerkorn runs the Arctic program
for the environmental charity
-the World Wildlife Fund.
“The Arctic sea ice holds a central position
in the Earth’s climate system
and it’s deteriorating faster than expected.
Actually, it has to translate into more urgency
to deal with the climate change problem
and reduce emissions.”
Summerkorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
blamed for global warming
needs to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit
in December.
“We have to basically achieve there,
the commitment to deal with the problem now.
That’s the minimum.
We have to do that equitably
and we have to find a commitment that is quick.”
Wadhams echoes the need for urgency.
“The carbon that we’ve put into the atmosphere
keeps having a warming effect for 100 years,
so we have to cut back rapidly now,
because it will take a long time
to work its way through
into a response by the atmosphere.
We can’t switch off global warming
just by being good in the future,
we have to start being good now.”
Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix
to climate change.
He and other scientists say there are basically two options
to replacing fossil fuels,
generating energy with renewables,
or embracing nuclear power.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording
you have just heard.
19. What did Pen Hadow and his team
do in the Arctic Ocean?
20. What does the report say about the Arctic region?
21. What does Cambridge scientist
Peter Wadhams say in his study?
22. How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?
Recording Three
From a very early age,
some children exhibit better self-control than others.
Now, a new study that began
with about 1,000 children in New Zealand
has tracked how a child’s low self-control
can predict poor health,
money troubles and even a criminal record
in their adult years.
Researchers have been studying this group of children
for decades now.
Some of their earliest observations
have to do with the level of self-control
the youngsters displayed.
Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves,
scored the youngsters on measures like
“acting before thinking”
and “persistence in reaching goals”.
The children of the study are now adults in their thirties.
Terry Moffitt of Duke University
and her research colleagues
found that kids with self-control issues
tended to grow up
to become adults with far more troubling
set of issues to deal with.
“The children who had the lowest self-control
when they were age three to ten,
later on had the most health problems in their thirties
and they had the worst financial situation
and they were more likely to have a criminal record
and to be raising a child
as a single parent on a very low income.”
Speaking from New Zealand via Skype,
Moffitt explained that self-control problems
were widely observed,
and weren’t just a feature of a small group
of misbehaving kids.
“Even the children
who had above-average self-control as preschoolers
could have benefited from more self-control training.
They could have improved their financial situation
and their physical and mental health situation
thirty years later.”
So, children with minor self-control problems
were likely as adults
to have minor health problems,
and so on.
Moffitt said it’s still unclear
why some children have better self-control than others,
though she says other researchers have found
that it’s mostly a learned behavior,
with relatively little genetic influence.
But good self-control can be set to run in families
in that children who have good self-control
are more likely to grow up
to be healthy and prosperous parents.
“Whereas some of the low self-control study members
are more likely to be single parents
with a very low income
and the parent is in poor health
and likely to be a heavy substance abuser.
So that’s not a good atmosphere for a child.
So it looks as though
self-control is something that in one generation
can disadvantage the next generation.”
But the good news is
that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents,
and through school curricula
that have proved to be effective.
Terry Moffitt’s paper on the link
between childhood self-control
and adults’ status decades later
is published
in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording
you have just heard.
23. What is the new study about?
24. What does the study seem to show?
25. What does Moffitt say is the good news
from their study?
This is the end of listening comprehension.